The Papillon, named for its butterfly-like ears, is one of the oldest dog breeds, with roots stretching back 700 years in Europe. Originally known as the épagneul nain or dwarf spaniel, the breed began with drooping, spaniel-like ears and was a favourite lapdog of the European aristocracy, particularly the French court of Louis XIV. These charming dogs even appear in Renaissance paintings, thanks to their popularity among royalty. Over time, some Papillons developed erect ears, adding to their butterfly resemblance, although both ear types—erect (Papillon) and drop-eared (Phalène, meaning “moth”)—are accepted in the breed standard today.
The Papillon has a delicate, compact frame and a luxurious coat of fine, long hair. Known for its signature frilled chest and plumed tail, this breed stands at 8–11 inches and typically weighs 9–10 pounds, with a life expectancy of 12–15 years. Its coat is single-layered and silky, requiring daily brushing but rarely tangling. Papillons come in white or parti-coloured coats with patches of any colour.
Papillons are intelligent, lively, and affectionate, eager to please and playful. While they are gentle and calm, they’re also alert and protective, sometimes barking at even minor sounds. Though they enjoy being cuddled, they have a moderate energy level and benefit from daily exercise. They’re particularly skilled at agility and obedience, often excelling in these activities and performing tricks. They’re usually good with older children and cats when socialized young but can become possessive of their owners or wary of larger dogs.
This breed adapts well to both city and country life, although their protective instincts may make apartment living challenging due to their tendency to bark. Papillons don’t need frequent bathing, as they stay fairly clean and odour-free, but regular mental stimulation and walks on a leash are essential. With their love for indoor games and mental challenges, they make charming indoor pets and do not thrive if left outside.